By Osei Obenewaa Trudy (UniMAC-IJ, osei.trudie@gmail.com)
Beneath the surface of Accra’s modern skyline lies a hidden crisis that poses a significant threat to the city’s future. In the sprawling slum areas like Agbogbloshie and Old Fadama, where residents face many dangers that threaten their health, safety, and overall well-being. These communities, characterized by their dense populations and makeshift housing, highlight the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to address the growing crisis.
One of the most pressing dangers in Accra’s slums is the pervasive health risk due to inadequate sanitation and lack of clean water. Overcrowded living conditions mean that sanitation facilities are insufficient and often shared among many households, leading to unsanitary conditions that foster the spread of diseases like cholera, typhoid, and malaria. A 2022 study by the World Health Organization (WHO) revealed that 60% of slum households lack access to clean water and proper sanitation. Adding up to these issues is the limited access to healthcare, with under-resourced clinics unable to meet the demands of the population. The constant threat of illness undermines the overall health of residents and places a heavy burden on families who often cannot afford medical treatments, leading to preventable illness and deaths.
According to a 2023 report by the Accra Metropolitan Assembly, only 30% of waste is collected regularly in slum areas which also pose environmental hazards threats to the inhabitants of these slum areas. Poor waste management results in the accumulation of garbage, which pollutes the environment and serves as a breeding ground for pests and vectors of disease. During the rainy season, inadequate drainage systems lead to severe flooding, which can destroy homes, contaminate water sources, and increase the risk of waterborne diseases. Additionally, the high density of flammable materials used in building homes makes fires a constant danger, with devastating consequences when they occur.
Also, economic vulnerability is another critical issue facing slum residents. Most inhabitants work in the informal sector, where jobs are unstable, poorly paid, and often hazardous. Street vending, manual labour, and scavenging for recyclable materials are common occupations, but they provide little financial security. This economic instability leaves families unable to invest in better housing, healthcare, or education, perpetuating the cycle of poverty. The lack of economic opportunities also increases the risk of child labour, as families rely on every member to contribute to their survival.
Addressing these dangers requires a concerted effort from all sectors of society. Government policies aimed at improving slum conditions must be backed by adequate funding, coordination, and long-term commitment. Initiatives should focus on improving infrastructure, including proper waste management systems, reliable sanitation facilities, and accessible healthcare services. Additionally, economic development programs that provide stable employment opportunities and support for small businesses can help lift residents out of poverty. Partnerships with non-governmental organizations and private sector are also crucial in creating sustainable solutions that transform these vulnerable communities into safer and healthier environments. The time to act is now to ensure a brighter and more equitable future for all Ghanaians.
